Valve mechanism for hydraulic motors



Aug. 24, 1937.

Filed oct. 16, 195e 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 nl.. l

.MW a 7 E ..-ll o n 7 7 2 i H 1i ATTORNEY Aug. 24, 1937. A. M. sANBoRN VALVE MECHANISM FOR HYDRAULIC MOTORS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 16, 1936 7 F ,W 5 my. 8 M. l W 7 c j E l m 9 H 8 M 8 Il I lll Y 7 9 Z H.. 2 M; 2 5 JJ 8 5 /M 3 INVENTOR AMSanbolm Patented Aug. 24, 1937 UNITED STATES VALVE MECHANIS MO M FOR HYDRAULIC TORS Augustus M. Sanborn, Porterville, Calif. Application October 16, 1936, Serial No. 105,971

Claims.

This invention relates to a valve mechanism for a hydraulic motor and particularly to a motor of the reciprocating type which is provided as a unitary part of a portable water driven spray 5 pump such as shown for instance in my Patent Number 1,831,035 dated November 10, 1931.

The principal object of my present invention is to provide a valve mechanism for the purpose which is an improvement over existing devices l0 of this character, in that it is extremely simple and inexpensive in construction, not only as regards the structure and operation of the movable valve unit itself, but also with respect to the cylinder and valve housing casting, as will be apparent from the description to follow.

In the drawings similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several views:

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the motor and 2O Valve structure showing the position of the parts when the motor piston is moving up.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of the valve structure on the line 2 2 of Fig. l.

Figure 3 is a cross section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1 and Figure 4 is a cross section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1; the parts in the various sections being all in the same position.

Figure 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing the position of the parts when the piston is movllg dOWIl.

Figure 6 is a vertical section of the valve structure on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5.

Figure 'l is a cross section on the line I 'I of Fig. 5 and Figure 8 is a cross section on the line 8 8 of Fig. 5; the parts in these sections also being all inthe same position.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary section on the line 9 9 of Fig. 5 showing the valve rotating units.

Referring now more particularly to the characters of reference on the drawings, I denotes the power or motor cylinder and 2 indicates the pump cylinder; these cylinders being disposed in spaced alinement and rigidly n connected by suitable means.

rI'he piston 3 of the power cylinder is connected to 'that and the pump cylinder by a common piston rod 4 which is exposed between the cylinders. 'I'he construction of the pump itself, which is Voi course of the reciprocating type,v d oes not form any part of the present invention and I have therefore deemed it unnecessary to specically show or describe the sarne.V Y

Formed with the cylinder I to one side of and parallel to the same is a valve housing forming cylindrical valve chamber 5 lwhich is closed at its upper end by a common plug 6 and at its lower end by a backing gland plug 1. Slidably and turnably mounted in the valve chamber is a piston valve comprising a central hollow stem 8 closed at its ends, top and bottom pistons 9 and I0 respectively which are longer than the stroke of the valve and intermediate relatively narrow pistons II; all said pistons engage the wall of the valve chamber with a running t.

The stem is provided with a port I2 between the pistons I I to provide communication between the interior of the stem and the adjacent portion of the valve chamber. A passage I3 leads from the interior of the stem to the periphery of the piston 9 adjacent the top while a passage I4 leads from the interior of the stem to the periphery oi the piston I 0 adjacent the bottom; these passages being set at an angle of 45 to each other.

The pistons 9 and I0 from their adjacent ends are hollowed out about the stem to communicate with the portions of the valve chamber between said pistons and the adjacent piston II; the piston 9 having a port I5 leading through its wall adjacent the top and the piston I0 having a port it leading through its wall adjacent the bottom. The ports I5 and I6 are set at an angle of 135 to the corresponding passages I3 and I4 and so that they are spaced 45 apart relative to each other. Diametrally opposed longitudinal channels Il and I8 are cut in the wall of the valve chamber at theftop to alternately register with the passage I3 and port I5 respectively; while similar lchannels I9 and 20 are cut in the wall of the valve chamber at the bottom to alternately register with the passage I4 and port I6 respectively. The length of these channels relative to the vstroke of the Valve (which is limited by the top and bottom plugs) is such that said channels are always closed against direct communication with the valve chamber between the pistons.

A branched intake passage 2I formed in the valve housing communicates with the chamber 5 both above and below the intermediate pistons I I but never between the same; an exhaust passage 22`in the housing being always in communication with the Valve chamber between the intermediate pistons. 'A passage 21:! leads' from the top of the cylinder I to the valve chamber 5 above the exhaust passage while a passage 24 leads from the bottom of the cylinder to the valve chamber below the exhaust passage. The chamber ends of these passages are so disposed that when the piston valve is at the top .of its stroke the upper passage 23 is in communication with the exhaust passage while the passage 24 is then in communihub and the valve to which it cation with the intake passage 2I below the lower piston II, and vice versa. i

The valve is moved axially in one direction or the other by water pressure and such movement is controlled by the rotation of the valves through 45 in one direction or the other as will now be seen. Such rotative movement is mechanically imparted to the valve in the following manner:

The stem of the valve terminates in a noncircular extension 25 depending from the piston I El, which extension slidably butV non-turnably engages a socket formed in a sleeve 2B turnably mounted against axial movement in the backing plug 'I. This sleeve has a stem 21 depending into the clear below plug I, on which is fixed a hub 28 having opposed spiral flanges 29 disposed with a relatively large pitch and having a totalV Vextent of 45. Mounted in connection with the pump and power cylinders in an exposed position between and parallel to the piston rod and valve is a rod 3Q. A yoke Y which includes vertically spaced bosses 3| slidable on the rod 30, is provided on one side with a projecting plate 32. lIhis is formed with a bore 33 to surround the hub 28 and with opposed spirally cut slots 34 through which the flanges 29 closely project (see Fig. 9). A forked arm 35 is secured on the rod 4 and engages a collar 36 secured on the rod 30 between the bosses 3I.

In operation, when the piston 3 has descended to the bottom of its stroke the collar 36 has engaged the lower boss 3| and has moved the yoke down, moving the plate 32 down on the hub 28. Such movement of the plate of course rotates the is operatively connected through an arc of 45 by reason of the spiral flanges 29.which are engaged by the plate slots 34. When the valve is Vthus rotated, it is initially at the bottom of its stroke but in the rotative position shown in Figs. 1 to 4. In other words, the passage I3 of the upper piston 9 is in register with the channel I1 while the port I5 is closed as shown in Fig. 3; while the passage I4 of the lower piston IIJ is closed and the port I6 is in register with the channel 20 as shown in Fig. 4. Y

Water from the intake 2I then enters the valve chamber below the piston' IIJ through the port I6 and channel 20 (see Fig. 2) forcing the valve up. At thesame time water previously admitted to the valve chamber above the upper piston 9 is discharged through channel I'I, passage I3 and the interior of the valve stem to the port I2 andturns to the exhaust passage 22. When the valve is in its upper position, the lower branch of the intake 2| is in communication with the passage 24 while the upper passage 23 is in communication with the exhaust. Water thus passes under the piston 3 and moves the same on its upstroke.

When the piston is about at the top of its stroke the collar 35 engages and raises the yoke Y causing the member 28 and the valve to be rotated 45 in the opposite direction, or to the rotated position shown in Figs. 5 to 8. In this position, the passage I3 of the upper piston 9 is closed while the port I5 is in register with the channel I8. YAlso the passage I4 of the lower piston I0 then registers with the channel I9 while the port I6 is closed. Water. from the intake 2I can thus enter the' valve chamber above the piston 9 forcing thesame down while the water below the piston I U will .be discharged. The variouschannels are at least as long as the full stroke of the valve so that there is no interference with 'the properfow of the valve controlling water through the` full stroke of the valve. With the reversed or lowered position of the valve, the upper passage 23 is now in communication with the intake passage 2I while the lower passage 24 is in communication with the exhaust passage 22 as shown in Fig. 5.

It will be seen that the arrangement of ports and passages allows me to reverse the flow of water if desired, or in other words, to use the passage 22 as the inlet and the passage 2I as the exhaust( This might be of advantage in balancing the thrust or end pressure on the valve and the upward pressure needed in actuating the valve rotating device and thus lessen somewhat the effect of the frictional resistance incident to such rotation of the valve. This is because, with such a reversal of flow of the water, the valve would be in its lower position when the pump is on its upstroke, and vice versa.

It is here to be noted that while I have initially intended this valve mechanism for use in connection with a portable spray pump, said mechanism may be used inv connection with any form of reciprocating hydraulically operated lifting pump.

From the foregoing description it will be readily seen that I have produced such a device as substantially fulfills the objects of the invention as set forth herein.

While this specification sets forth in detail the present and preferred construction of. the device, still in practice such deviations from such detail may be resorted to as do not form a departure from the spirit of the invention, as dened by the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as' new and useful and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: k

l. In a fluid motor having a cylinder and a piston slidable therein, a closed-end valve chamber parallel to the cylinder, a valve slidable in the chamber and including a stem, and spaced intermediate pistons, said valve being turnable in the chamber an-d `being slidable through a stro-ke of vfixed length, a branched intake passage connecting with the chamber at spaced points al' ways beyond the valve pistons, an exhaust pas,- sageY connecting with the valve chamber at a point always between said pistons, cylinder passages leading from the cylinder at its ends to longitudinally spaced connections with said chamber in such relation to the valve pistons and said other passages as' to alternately establish communication with the intake and'exhaust passages with the movement of the valve through its stroke, fluid actuated means to move .the valve through said stroke operable upon rotation of the valve a predetermined arcuate amount,v and means controlled by movement of the cylinder piston to adjacent either end of itsrstroke to thus rotate the valve.' l

2. A structure as in claim 1, in which said fluid actuated means comprisesA end pistons on the valve stem; said stem, end pistons and the walls of the chamber engaging the same being formed with passages to allow of a flow of water from the intake passage to the chamber at the head of. oneend piston whilev water may pass to the exhaust passage from the chamber at the head of the other end piston. Y i

3.V A structure as in claim 1, in which said fluid actuated means comprises end pistons on the valve stem, the latterrbeinghollow but. closed at its ends andr having a post communicating with the valve chamber between the intermediate pistons, the end pistons having passages leading to the periphery thereof from the interior of the stem and other circumferentially spaced passage means to the periphery of said pistons from the valve chamber between the end and intermediate pistons; there being circumferentially spaced channels in the walls of said valve chamber to register with said passages and passage means throughout the stroke of the valve and whose inner ends are always covered by said end pistons; the stem passage of one end piston registering with one channel While the passage means of said piston is out of register with the other channel and the stem passage of the other end piston being then out of register with one of the corresponding channels while the passage means of. said other piston then registers with the other corresponding channel.

4. A structure as in claim 1 in which said last named means comprises an axial extension projecting from and operatively connected to one end of the valve, a. spiral element of relatively great pitch xed thereon, a member mounted for nonrotary movement axially of the extension and having a slot to fit and engaging the spiral element, and operating means between the cylinder piston and said member to move the latter and thus rotate the element and extension upon movement of the cylinder piston to adjacent either end of its stroke.

5. A structure as in claim 1 in which said last named means comprises an axial non-circular extension rigid with and projecting from one end of the valve, a sleeve turnably mounted in a fixed position against axial movement having a socket in which said extension slidably and non-turnably ts, a stem depending from said sleeve clear of the valve chamber, opposed spiral flanges of relatively vgreat pitch projecting from said stem, a plate bored and slotted tting over said stem and nanges, means mounting said plate for non-rotary movement in a direction axially of the stem, and operating means between the cylinder piston and said plate to move the latter a predetermined distance and thus rotate the last named stern. and valve connected thereto upon movement of the cylinder piston to adjacent either end of its stroke..

AUGUSTUS M. SANBORN. 

